The Big Five personality traits and earnings: A meta-analysis

The past two decades have witnessed increased interest in the relationship between personality and labor market outcomes, as well emergence of Five-Factor Model key reference framework for study personality. In this paper, we provide first meta-analytical review empirical literature on association personal earnings Big Five traits. analysis combines results 62 peer-reviewed articles published from 2001–2020, which retrieved 896 partial effect sizes. Overall, primary provides robust support a positive traits Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, while simultaneously revealing negative significant Agreeableness Neuroticism. We find no evidence substantial publication bias. Meta-regression estimates suggest that Openness Conscientiousness are positively associated with even when researchers control individual cognitive abilities educational attainments. Similarly, studies include variables exhibit weaker associations Extraversion Agreeableness. seem unaffected by time at measured, scale number inventory items. not stable across cultures gender, ranking academic field journal matter.